Fourier-based

Fourier based surrogates are a form of constrained surrogates created by taking the Fourier transform of a time series, then shuffling either the phase angles or the amplitudes of the resulting complex numbers. Then, we take the inverse Fourier transform, yielding a surrogate time series.

Random phase

using TimeseriesSurrogates, CairoMakie
ts = AR1() # create a realization of a random AR(1) process
phases = true
s = surrogate(ts, RandomFourier(phases))

surroplot(ts, s)

Random amplitude

using TimeseriesSurrogates, CairoMakie
ts = AR1() # create a realization of a random AR(1) process
phases = false
s = surrogate(ts, RandomFourier(phases))

surroplot(ts, s)

Partial randomization

Without rescaling

PartialRandomization surrogates are similar to random phase surrogates, but allows for tuning the "degree" of phase randomization.

using TimeseriesSurrogates, CairoMakie
ts = AR1() # create a realization of a random AR(1) process

# 50 % randomization of the phases
s = surrogate(ts, PartialRandomization(0.5))

surroplot(ts, s)

With rescaling

PartialRandomizationAAFT adds a rescaling step to the PartialRandomization surrogates to obtain surrogates that contain the same values as the original time series.

using TimeseriesSurrogates, CairoMakie
ts = AR1() # create a realization of a random AR(1) process

# 50 % randomization of the phases
s = surrogate(ts, PartialRandomizationAAFT(0.7))

surroplot(ts, s)

Amplitude adjusted Fourier transform (AAFT)

using TimeseriesSurrogates, CairoMakie
ts = AR1() # create a realization of a random AR(1) process
s = surrogate(ts, AAFT())

surroplot(ts, s)

Iterative AAFT (IAAFT)

The IAAFT surrogates add an iterative step to the AAFT algorithm to improve similarity of the power spectra of the original time series and the surrogates.

using TimeseriesSurrogates, CairoMakie
ts = AR1() # create a realization of a random AR(1) process
s = surrogate(ts, IAAFT())

surroplot(ts, s)